Preparing for the SAT Math section doesn’t have to be stressful. This SAT Math Formula Sheet gives you all the key formulas you need in one place — from algebra and geometry to trigonometry and statistics.
SAT Math Formula Sheet
1) Algebra Formulas
Slope Formula
m = (y₂ − y₁) / (x₂ − x₁)
Slope-Intercept Form
y = mx + b
Point-Slope Form
y − y₁ = m(x − x₁)
Standard Form
Ax + By = C
Quadratic Formula
x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a
Factoring Pattern
a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b)
Exponent Rules
aᵐ · aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
aᵐ / aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ
(aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ
2) Geometry Formulas
Rectangle
Area = lw
Perimeter = 2(l + w)
Square
Area = s²
Perimeter = 4s
Triangle
Area = ½bh
Circle
Area = πr²
Circumference = 2πr
Trapezoid
Area = ½(b₁ + b₂)h
Pythagorean Theorem
a² + b² = c²
3) Volume Formulas
Rectangular Prism
V = lwh
Cylinder
V = πr²h
Sphere
V = ⁴⁄₃πr³
Cone
V = ⅓πr²h
4) Coordinate Geometry
Distance Formula
d = √[(x₂ − x₁)² + (y₂ − y₁)²]
Midpoint Formula
M = ((x₁ + x₂)/2 , (y₁ + y₂)/2)
5) Statistics & Data
Mean (Average)
Mean = Sum ÷ Number of values
Percent Change
(New − Old) / Old × 100
Probability
Probability = Favorable outcomes / Total outcomes
6) Trigonometry
SOH-CAH-TOA
sin θ = opposite / hypotenuse
cos θ = adjacent / hypotenuse
tan θ = opposite / adjacent
Special Right Triangle
45°-45°-90°
Sides: 1 : 1 : √2
30°-60°-90°
Sides: 1 : √3 : 2
7) Systems of Equations
Substitution Method
Solve one equation for a variable, plug into the other.
Elimination Method
Add or subtract equations to remove a variable.
Important Resources
Also see: